Responsive materials possess the inherent capacity to autonomously sense and respond to
various external stimuli, demonstrating physical intelligence. Among the diverse array of …

Dynamically crosslinked polymers (DCPs) have gained significant attention owing to their
applications in fabricating (re) processable, recyclable, and self‐healable thermosets, which …

Dielectric elastomers (DEs) are actuatable under an electric field, whose large strain and
fast response speed compare favorably with natural muscles. However, the actuation of DE …

Natural mollusks perform complex mechanical actions through reversible large‐strain
deformation and stiffness switching, which are challenging to achieve simultaneously in …

Bio-inspired fibrillar adhesives have received worldwide attention but their potentials have
been limited by a trade-off between adhesion strength and adhesion switchability, and a …

Biomimetic soft actuators with programmable morphing behaviors and remote actuations
have drawn significant attention in recent years. In this work, we present the network …

To date, only one polymer can self-grow to an extended length beyond its original size at
room temperature without external stimuli or energy input. This breakthrough paves the way …

Fibers of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) as promising artificial muscle show ultralarge and
reversible contractile strokes. However, the contractile force is limited by the poor …

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) have long held significant promise as materials for artificial
muscles and smart actuators. Recent advancements in this field have introduced innovative …

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), as a classical two-way shape-memory material, are good
candidates for developing artificial muscles that mimic the contraction, expansion, or …