Abstract The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved signal
transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, cell growth, and cell …

Amyloid β protein (Aβ) is the main component of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease
(AD), and its accumulation has been considered as the molecular driver of Alzheimer's …

To flourish, cancers greatly depend on their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME),
and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TME are critical for cancer occurrence and …

Simple Summary Growth factors are hormone-like molecules able to promote division and
migration of normal cells, but cancer captured the underlying mechanisms to unleash tumor …

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancer in the world. In 2018, there were over 2
million new cases of lung cancer and over 1.7 million deaths were attributed to lung cancer …

Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism has been considered to have an emerging
role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disturbances in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) …

Cachexia is the involuntary loss of muscle and adipose tissue that strongly affects mortality
and treatment efficacy in patients with cancer or chronic inflammatory disease. Currently, no …

Novel targets to arrest neurodegeneration in several dementing conditions involving
misfolded protein accumulations may be found in the diverse signaling pathways of the …

Akt is a serine/threonine kinase and it participates in the key role of the PI3K signaling
pathway. The Akt can be activated by a wide range of growth signals and the biochemical …

Abstract The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and the mammalian target of
rapamycin (mTOR) represent two vital intracellular signaling pathways, which are …