The paper summarizes the present position of second-moment closure and outlines
possible directions for future development. It is first argued that a simple form of second …

▪ Abstract The issue of the physical mechanism (s) that control the efficiency with which the
density field in stably stratified fluid is mixed by turbulent processes has remained enigmatic …

The preface begins' Turbulence is a dangerous topic...'—with which any aircraft operator will
agree—but goes on'... which is often at the origin of serious fights in the scientific meetings …

A generalization of a class of differential length-scale equations typically used in second-
order turbulence models for oceanic flows is suggested. Commonly used models, like the k-ε …

Because of the importance of multiphase flows in a wide variety of industries, including
power, petroleum, and numerous processing industries, an understanding of the behavior …

The modification of decaying homogeneous turbulence due to its interaction with dispersed
small solid particles (d/η< 1), at a volumetric loading ratio φ v≤ 5× 10− 4, is studied using …

Ocean mixing processes have traditionally been formulated using one-point turbulence
closure models, specifically the Mellor and Yamada (MY) models, which were pioneered in …

Turbulence in the convective boundary layer (CBL) uniformly heated from below and topped
by a layer of uniformly stratified fluid is investigated for zero mean horizontal flow using large …

Dispersion of solid particles in decaying isotropic turbulence is studied numerically. The
three-dimensional, time-dependent velocity field of a homogeneous, non-stationary …

This paper presents an overview of the state-of-the-art of direct numerical simulation (DNS)
and closure models of particle-laden turbulent flows. The paper also shows how the results …