Pain is the central symptom in endometriosis and often persists despite treatment of the
disease. Multiple mechanisms underlie endometriosis-associated pain including …

Purpose Pelvic congestion syndrome is an uncommon poorly understood and frequently
misdiagnosed disorder of the pelvic venous circulation, which causes chronic pelvic pain in …

Background Chronic pelvic pain affects 2–24% of women worldwide and evidence for
medical treatments is scarce. Gabapentin is effective in treating some chronic pain …

Important Notice: The digital edition of this book is missing some of the images or content
found in the physical edition. The gold standard for midwives and students is back with …

Pelvic venous disorders (PeVDs) in women can present with chronic pelvic pain, lower-
extremity and vulvar varicosities, lower-extremity swelling and pain, and left-flank pain and …

Background Chronic pelvic pain is a common and debilitating condition; its aetiology is
multifactorial, involving social, psychological and biological factors. The management of …

BACKGROUND Chronic pain is a frequent post-operative complication, affecting~ 20–40%
of patients who have undergone surgery of the female genital or alimentary tract. Chronic …

Background Epidemiological studies on chronic pelvic pain (CPP) have focused on women
of reproductive age. We aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in …

Pelvic congestion syndrome is one of the many causes of chronic pelvic pain and is often
diagnosed based on exclusion of other pathologies. Over the past decades, pelvic …

Background Reflux in the ovarian veins, with or without an obstructive venous outflow
component, is reported to be the primary cause of pelvic venous insufficiency (PVI). The …