Metabolic syndrome, which includes diabetes and obesity, is one of the most widespread
medical conditions. It induces systemic inflammation, causing far reaching effects on the …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide.
Since DR was first recognized as an important complication of diabetes, there have been …

Diabetes is a disease that can be treated with oral antidiabetic agents and/or insulin.
However, patients' metabolic control is inadequate in a high percentage of them and a major …

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy currently plays a central role in
the treatment of numerous retinal diseases, most notably exudative age-related macular …

Review Page 1 Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular
complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a leading cause of blindness in working-age …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common and devastating microvascular complication of
diabetes and a major cause of acquired blindness in young adults. Advanced glycation end …

Abstract According to International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas statistics, diabetic
retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in blinding diseases. The underlying …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been led to a pandemic emergency. So far …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia,
with absolute insulin deficiency or insulin resistance as the main cause, and causes damage …

Aims Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus,
which could result in visual impairment. Accumulating studies have shown the implication of …