Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

Chronic pain resulting from nerve injury, tissue inflammation, and tumor invasion or
treatment, is a major health problem impacting the quality of life and producing a significant …

The ability of neurons to rapidly remodel their synaptic structure and strength in response to
neuronal activity is highly conserved across species and crucial for complex brain functions …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) takes the predominant malignancy of hepatocytes with
bleak outcomes owing to high heterogeneity among patients. Personalized treatments …

BACKGROUND: Macrophages are key players in obesity-associated cardiovascular
diseases, which are marked by inflammatory and immune alterations. However, the …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune receptors that are expressed in immune cells
as well as glia and neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems. They are best …

Spinal high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) plays crucial roles in arthritis-induced
pain; however, the involvement of peripheral HMGB1 has not been examined previously. In …

Neuropathic pain remains one of the most common pain conditions worldwide.
Accumulating evidence shows that activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) …

Methylene blue (MB) is a cationic thiazine dye, widely used as a biological stain and
chemical indicator. Growing evidence have revealed that MB functions to restore abnormal …

Purpose: The lysozyme 2 (Lyz2 or LysM) cre mouse is extensively used to achieve genetic
manipulation in myeloid cells and it has been widely employed in retinal research. However …