Inheritance of a coding variant of the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22
(PTPN22) gene is associated with increased susceptibility to autoimmunity and infection …

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic inflammatory arthropathy of
childhood. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is believed to be a complex genetic trait influenced by …

The incidence of autoimmune diseases is increasing worldwide, thus stimulating studies on
their etiopathogenesis, derived from a complex interaction between genetic and …

Toll‐like receptors (TLR) are transmembrane pattern recognition receptors that recognize
microbial ligands and signal for production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferon in …

Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) regulates a panoply of
leukocyte signaling pathways. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in PTPN22 …

Early TCR signaling is dependent on rapid phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of
multiple signaling and adaptor proteins, leading to T cell activation. This process is tightly …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that develops in the interplay between
genetic and environmental factors. A majority of individuals who develop T1D have a HLA …

European expansion and contact with indigenous populations led to catastrophic
depopulation primarily through the introduction of novel infectious diseases to which native …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory arthritis and exhibits genetic
overlap with other autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Although predominant …

Objective Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) is associated with an
increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PTPN22 encodes Lyp, and a disease …