Flowing blood generates a frictional force called shear stress that has major effects on
vascular function. Branches and bends of arteries are exposed to complex blood flow …

How cells become specialized, or" mature," is important for cell and developmental biology.
While maturity is usually deemed a terminal fate, it may be more helpful to consider …

Establishment of a functional vascular network is rate-limiting in embryonic development,
tissue repair and engineering. During blood vessel formation, newly generated endothelial …

Generating properly differentiated embryonic structures in vitro from pluripotent stem cells
remains a challenge. Here we show that instruction of aggregates of mouse embryonic stem …

Arteriogenesis rather than unspecialized capillary expansion is critical for restoring effective
circulation to compromised tissues in patients. Deciphering the origin and specification of …

Endothelial cells throughout the body are heterogeneous, and this is tightly linked to the
specific functions of organs and tissues. Heterogeneity is already determined from …

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in adults are believed to be born from hemogenic
endothelial cells (HECs) in mid-gestational embryos. Due to the rare and transient nature …

Here, we report the derivation of arterial endothelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells
that exhibit arterial-specific functions in vitro and in vivo. We combine single-cell RNA …

The formation of a hierarchical vascular network, composed of arteries, veins, and
capillaries, is essential for embryogenesis and is required for the production of new …

The vasculature of an organism has the daunting task of connecting all the organ systems to
nourish tissue and sustain life. This complex network of vessels and associated cells must …