There are seven known species of Plasmodium spp. that can infect humans. The human
host can mount a complex network of immunological responses to fight infection and one of …

Malaria comprises a spectrum of disease syndromes and the immune system is a major
participant in malarial disease. This is particularly true in relation to the immune responses …

Background Polypropylene (PP) mesh is widely used to reinforce tissues. The foreign body
reaction (FBR) to the implant is dominated by innate immune cells, especially macrophages …

Macrophages are essential cells of the innate immune response against microbial
infections, and they have the ability to adapt under both pro-and anti-inflammatory …

The prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected head and neck squamous cell
carcinoma (HNSCC) is often better than that of HPV-cancer, which is possibly caused by the …

Cerebral malaria (CM), a potentially fatal encephalopathy caused primarily by infection with
Plasmodium falciparum, results in long‐term adverse neuro‐psychiatric sequelae. Neural …

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of the most important members of the flavivirus
family. It is a typical zoonotic pathogen that has caused substantial social and economic …

Background Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant brain tumor in adults.
Glioblastoma is usually fatal 12–15 months after diagnosis and the current possibilities in …

Macrophages play a multifaceted role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, fighting infections,
and regulating cold-induced thermogenesis. The brown adipose tissue (BAT) is crucial for …

Abstract Background & Aims Chronic HBV infection usually causes liver cirrhosis and
hepatocellular carcinoma. Comparative investigations of acute and chronic HBV cases …