Interest in emulating the properties of biological muscles that allow for fast adaptability and
control in unstructured environments has motivated researchers to develop new soft …

Muscle has conventionally been viewed as a motor that converts chemical to kinetic energy
in series with a passive spring, but new insights emerge when muscle is viewed as a …

Muscle function during movement is more than a simple, linear transformation of neural
activity into force. The classic work loop technique has pioneered our understanding of …

The force developed by actively lengthened muscle depends on different structures across
different scales of lengthening. For small perturbations, the active response of muscle is well …

Muscle force, work, and power output during concentric contractions (active muscle
shortening) are increased immediately following an eccentric contraction (active muscle …

Objective Unilateral trans-tibial amputation signifies a challenge to locomotion. Prosthetic
ankle-foot units are developed to mimic the missing biological system which adapts push-off …

Lower limb amputation is partial or complete removal of the limb due to disease, accident or
trauma. Surface electromyograms (sEMG) of a large number of muscles and force sensors …

Lower limb amputation often leads to biomechanical and neurological changes that can
reduce mobility, increase pain levels, speed joint degeneration, and otherwise negatively …

An ideal prosthesis should perform as well as or better than the missing limb it was designed
to replace. Although this ideal is currently unattainable, recent advances in design have …

Muscular co-contraction of antagonistic muscle pairs is often observed in human movement,
but it is considered inefficient and it can currently not be predicted in simulations where …