Purpose The aim of our study was to perform a systematic review and best knowledge
synthesis of the present literature concerning the familial association and epidemiological …

An essential part of the care of children with Down syndrome is secondary screening for
comorbidity. It is well known that comorbidity frequently occurs in these children. A new …

Although morphological abnormalities of the femur are known predisposing factors for
numerous musculoskeletal disorders, the etiology of these abnormalities is poorly …

Knee malalignment is a risk factor for patellar instability and patellofemoral osteoarthritis
(PFOA), but etiologies remain unknown. We investigated the potential effects of decreased …

OBJECTIVE Instability of the craniocervical junction (CCJ) is a well-known finding in patients
with Down syndrome (DS); however, the relative contributions of bony morphology versus …

Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder and typically results from a
maternal duplication of chromosome 21 yielding trisomy 21. General features include a flat …

Limb reconstruction surgery continues to affirm itself as a distinct subspecialty worldwide.
Apart from the specialty day at the annual American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons …

Background There is growing interest in optimizing cost and resource utilization after
shoulder arthroplasty, but little data to guide improvement efforts. Objective The purpose of …

Acute knee dislocation is a rare orthopedic injury with an incidence of< 0.02% annually. The
authors discuss a case involving a vascular injury sustained from a mechanical fall at home …

Down syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality in which an individual has extra genetic
material from chromosome 21 present in their cells. This chapter describes the basics of …