Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer. It is categorized into
various subtypes, with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) representing about 85% of all RCC tumors …

Drug resistance remains a leading cause of chemotherapeutic treatment failure and cancer-
related mortality. While some mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance have been well …

Increased macroautophagy/autophagy and lysosomal activity promote tumor growth,
survival and chemo-resistance. During acute starvation, autophagy is rapidly engaged by …

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play key roles in promoting the proliferation,
differentiation, and migration of cancer cell. Inactivation of FGFRs by tyrosine kinase …

Simple Summary Renal cell carcinoma is particularly characterized by its high
vascularization and dense immune cells infiltration. The angiogenesis blockade in …

Lysosomes are important cytoplasmic organelles whose critical functions in cells are
increasingly being understood. In particular, despite the long-standing accepted concept …

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are being increasingly used to treat various malignancies.
Although they were designed to target aberrant tyrosine kinases, they are also intimately …

The past 30 years have borne witness to a gradual evolution in the treatment landscape of
advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). Early immunotherapy approaches such as …

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the prevalent form of kidney cancer in adults, with clear cell
renal carcinoma (ccRCC) being the predominant subtype. While surgical resection remains …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a major obstacle towards curative treatment of cancer.
Despite considerable progress in delineating the basis of intrinsic and acquired MDR, the …