There is currently accumulating evidence that endogenous estrogens play a critical role in
the development of breast cancer. Estrogens and their metabolites have been studied in …

Reductive stress (RS) is the counterpart oxidative stress (OS), and can occur in response to
conditions that shift the redox balance of important biological redox couples, such as the …

Quinones represent a class of toxicological intermediates which can create a variety of
hazardous effects in vivo, including acute cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenesis …

Axelrod et al.(1958) first described the enzyme-catalyzed O-methylation of catecholamines
and other catechols in the late 1950s. The enzyme responsible for the O-methylation …

During the past forty years free radicals have been implicated in a large number of diseases,
often with the unspoken assumption they substantially contribute to the primary cause of the …

Risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with age-related loss of sex steroid
hormones in both women and men. In post-menopausal women, the precipitous depletion of …

Cytochrome P450 enzymes that metabolize estrogens are expressed in the mammary
gland, uterus, brain and other target tissues for estrogen action, and this results in the …

In the present study, the antioxidant effects of estradiol (E 2) and 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE
2) on microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by Fe 3+/ADP/NADPH and Fe 2+/ascorbate are …

Cancer is a disease that begins with mutation of critical genes: oncogenes and tumor
suppressor genes. Our research on carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons indicates that …

The 4-hydroxy metabolite of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) has been implicated in the
carcinogenicity of this hormone. Previous studies showed that aryl hydrocarbon-receptor …