Methotrexate (MTX) is the first line drug for the treatment of a number of rheumatic and non-
rheumatic disorders. It is currently used as an anchor disease, modifying anti-rheumatic drug …

Aortic aneurysm is a chronic aortic disease affected by many factors. Although it is generally
asymptomatic, it poses a significant threat to human life due to a high risk of rupture …

The treatment and outcomes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been
transformed over the past two decades. Low disease activity and remission are now …

Nanocarriers have demonstrated great promise in the delivery of hydrophobic drugs
particularly to tumor spaces by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects …

Macrovascular complications of diabetes, including diabetic cardiovascular disease (CVD),
occur through a number of hyperglycaemia-induced mechanisms that include generation of …

Free radicals, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), hydrogen sulphide, and
hydrogen peroxide play an important role in both intracellular and intercellular signaling; …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a broad term that incorporated a group of conditions that
affect the blood vessels and the heart. CVD is a foremost cause of fatalities around the …

Nitric oxide (NO) produced by the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is an antihypertensive,
antithrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic molecule. Hypercholesterolemia leads to a reduction …

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) serves as a critical enzyme in maintaining vascular
pressure by producing nitric oxide (NO); hence, it has a crucial role in the regulation of …

The endothelium is the orchestral conductor of blood vessel function. Pathological blood
vessel formation (a process termed pathological angiogenesis) or the inability of endothelial …