Several techniques and protocols of non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation (NIBS),
including transcranial magnetic and electrical stimuli, have been developed in the past …

Background/objectives Over the last ten years, an increasing number of authors have used
the theta burst stimulation (TBS) protocol to investigate long-term potentiation (LTP) and …

This article is based on a consensus conference, which took place in Certosa di Pontignano,
Siena (Italy) on March 7–9, 2008, intended to update the previous safety guidelines for the …

The after-effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are highly variable
between individuals. Because different populations of cortical neurons are stimulated more …

The ability to induce cortical plasticity with non‐invasive brain stimulation (NBS) techniques
has provided novel and exciting opportunities for examining the role of the human cortex …

Noninvasive brain stimulation has been demonstrated to modulate cortical activity in
humans. In particular, theta burst stimulation (TBS) has gained notable attention due to its …

During the last two decades, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has rapidly become a
valuable method to investigate noninvasively the human brain. In addition, repetitive TMS …

Background Neuropsychiatric disorders are a leading source of disability and require novel
treatments that target mechanisms of disease. As such disorders are thought to result from …

Background In the past decade research has shown that continuous (cTBS) and intermittent
theta burst stimulation (iTBS) alter neuronal excitability levels in the primary motor cortex …

Metaplasticity refers to the modification of plasticity induction (direction, magnitude, duration)
by previous activity of the same postsynaptic neuron or neuronal network. In recent years …