Moving animal groups display remarkable feats of coordination. This coordination is largely
achieved when individuals adjust their movement in response to their neighbours' …

Animal collective movements are a key example of a system that links two clearly defined
levels of organization: the individual and the group. Most models investigating collective …

Many species of fish rely on their visual systems to interact with conspecifics and these
interactions can lead to collective behavior. Individual-based models have been used to …

Moving animal groups exhibit a range of fascinating behaviors. The standard explanation for
how these groups form and function is that the individual animals interact via attraction …

Schooling fish exhibit giant rotating clusters such as balls, tori, and rings, among other
collective patterns. In order to account for their giantness and flexible shape change, we …

Collective behaviour models can predict behaviours of schools, flocks, and herds. However,
in many cases, these models make biologically unrealistic assumptions in terms of the …

Moving animal groups, such as flocks of birds or schools of fish, exhibit a varity of self-
organized complex dynamical behaviors and shapes. This kind of flocking behavior has …

Moving animal groups often spontaneously change their group structure and dynamics, but
standard models used to explain collective motion in animal groups are typically unable to …

Abstract Models of collective animal behaviour frequently make assumptions about the
effects of neighbours on the behaviour of focal individuals, but these assumptions are rarely …

• We develop a biological and mathematical definition for animal group membership.• We
provide example simulations demonstrating how the definition can be used.• We compute …