It is a widely held belief that a climax vegetation of closed forest systems covered the
lowlands of Central and Western Europe before humans intervened in prehistoric times to …

We tested the interactions between biotic and abiotic factors in structuring temperate forest
communities by comparing tree recruitment after 7 years inside 30 pairs of exclosure …

The plant community structure of European lowland forests has changed dramatically in the
twentieth century, leading to biodiversity decline at various spatial scales. However, due to …

A substantial part of European lowland woodlands was managed as coppices or wood
pastures for millennia. However, traditional management forms were almost completely …

Typology of dry-mesic oak forest vegetation of Slovakia is presented. Seven vegetation
types were distinguished based on a Braun-Blanquetian relevé data analysis using a …

In the Bialowieża Primeval Forest a decrease in the extent of the Potentillo-albae Quercetum
has been observed for the last few decades, both with regard to the number of stands and …

Key message Long-term strict protection of woodland communities may lead to their
compositional simplification and homogenisation.• Context In the past, it has often been …

The historical process of the decline of the thermophilous oak forest was studied at 11
selected localities within the whole area of the association in Poland. The comparative …

Two different biodiversity indicators based on tree species diversity are being used, in
Europe and France respectively, without strong prior scientific validation:(1) tree species or …

The change in the species richness following a gradual invasion of Carpinus betulus in the
patch of oak forest (Potentillo albae-Quercetum) in Białowieża was studied between years …