For many retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma,
and diabetic retinopathy (DR), the exact pathogenesis is still unclear. Moreover, the currently …

Angiogenesis plays important roles in development, stress response, wound healing,
tumorigenesis and cancer progression, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular …

Ischemic stroke is characterized by the presence of both brain ischemic and reperfusion-
induced injuries in the brain, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. Artemisinin, an FDA …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness in adult, and the accumulation of
advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is a major pathologic event in DR. Methylglyoxal …

Berberine, as a natural alkaloid compound, is characterized by a diversity of
pharmacological effects. In recent years, many researches focused on the role of berberine …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of severe visual loss among
the elderly. AMD patients are tormented by progressive central blurring/loss of vision and …

Alzheimer's disease is a severe neurodegenerative disease. Multiple factors involving
neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid‐β plaques lead to the progression of the AD, generated …

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness with limited
effective treatment. Although the pathogenesis of this disease is complex and not fully …

Mitophagy stimulation has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on various
neurodegenerative diseases. However, nontoxic mitophagy inducers are still very limited. In …

The protective effects and mechanisms of metformin against oxidative stress were evaluated
both in vivo and in vitro. ARPE‐19 cells comprised the normal group, the glyoxal‐treated …