Recognition of the fact that bacterial biofilm may play a role in the pathogenesis of disease
has led to an increased focus on identifying diseases that may be biofilm-related. Biofilm …

In the field of antibiotherapy, intracellular infections remain difficult to eradicate mainly due to
the poor intracellular penetration of most of the commonly used antibiotics. Bacteria have …

Bacteria have developed a wealth of strategies to avoid and resist the action of antibiotics,
one of which involves pathogens invading and forming reservoirs within host cells. Due to …

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a broad clinical syndrome that is characterized by prolonged
mucosal inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses, and is typically divided into two …

Endonasal endoscopic sinus surgery is the standard procedure for surgery of most
paranasal sinus diseases. Appropriate frame conditions provided, the respective procedures …

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been known as a disease with strong infectious and
inflammatory components for decades. The recent advancement in methods identifying …

Biofilms are bacterial aggregates embedded in a self-produced, protective matrix. The
biofilm lifestyle offers resilience to external threats such as the immune system …

The present work aimed to review the potential mechanisms used by macrophages to kill
intracellular bacteria, their entrance to the cell, and mechanisms of escape of cellular …

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) encompasses a heterogeneous group of debilitating chronic
inflammatory sinonasal diseases. Despite considerable research, the etiology of CRS …

Background There is increasing evidence that biofilms are critical to the pathophysiology of
chronic infections including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Until relatively recently, our …