A number of challenges to the standard Λ CDM model have been emerging during the past
few years as the accuracy of cosmological observations improves. In this review we discuss …

The Λ CDM model provides a good fit to most astronomical observations but harbors large
areas of phenomenology and ignorance. With the improvements in the precision and …

The Python programming language is a high-level, interpreted (as opposed to compiled)
programming language that has become an industry standard across many computational …

The Astropy Project supports and fosters the development of open-source and openly
developed Python packages that provide commonly needed functionality to the astronomical …

The discovery of a gravitational wave (GW) signal from a binary neutron star (BNS) merger
(Abbott et al. 2017a) and the kilonova emission from its remnant (Coulter et al. 2017; Abbott …

We describe the legacy Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) likelihoods derived
from the 2018 data release. The overall approach is similar in spirit to the one retained for …

The dawn of the twenty-first century came with very positive prospects for gravity, cosmology,
and astrophysics. Technological progress made it possible for cosmology to enter to its …

The European Space Agency's Planck satellite, which was dedicated to studying the early
Universe and its subsequent evolution, was launched on 14 May 2009. It scanned the …

Abstract Releasing the 12.5-year pulsar timing array data, the North American Nanohertz
Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) has recently reported the evidence for a …

We present cosmological parameter results from the final full-mission Planck measurements
of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, combining information from the …