With a current prevalence of approximately 20%, smoking continues to impact negatively
upon health. Tobacco or nicotine use influences the endocrine system, with important …

Smokers with diabetes mellitus substantially lower their risks of microvascular and
macrovascular diabetic complications, in particular cardiovascular disease, by quitting …

Obesity and smoking are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The
diseases and conditions associated with smoking make tobacco use one of the leading …

In the past years, a significant volume of research has implicated the appetitive hormone
ghrelin in the mechanisms underlying drug use and addiction. From a neuroscientific …

Although gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide
(H2S) receive a bad connotation; in low concentrations these play a major governing role in …

Nicotine has been shown to decrease appetite, food intake (FI) and body weight, but the
mechanisms are unclear. The purpose of this review was to examine research on the effects …

Chronic tobacco use leads to nicotine addiction that is characterized by exaggerated urges
to use the drug despite the accompanying negative health and socioeconomic burdens …

Rationale Ghrelin is a fast-acting hormone that is produced primarily by the stomach and by
the brain although in smaller quantities. The regulation and the secretion of ghrelin are …

抄録 Oxidative stress is a major cause of the gastrointestinal damage under physical or
psychological stress. Ghrelin exhibits gastroprotective effects and they are supposed to be …

Background: Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide, acts on growth hormone secretagogue
receptors (GHS‐R1A), expressed in the hypothalamus as well as in important reward nodes …