Enzymes can be engineered at the level of their amino acid sequences to optimize key
properties such as expression, stability, substrate range, and catalytic efficiency─ or even to …

Predicting the effects of mutations in proteins is critical to many applications, from
understanding genetic disease to designing novel proteins to address our most pressing …

Machine learning–based design has gained traction in the sciences, most notably in the
design of small molecules, materials, and proteins, with societal applications ranging from …

How complex are the rules by which a protein's sequence determines its function? High-
order epistatic interactions among residues are thought to be pervasive, suggesting an …

There are more ways to synthesize a 100-amino acid (aa) protein (20100) than there are
atoms in the universe. Only a very small fraction of such a vast sequence space can ever be …

Mutations in protein active sites can dramatically improve function. The active site, however,
is densely packed and extremely sensitive to mutations. Therefore, some mutations may …

The epidemic and outbreaks of influenza B Victoria lineage (Bv) during 2019–2022 led to an
analysis of genetic, epitopes, charged amino acids and Bv outbreaks. Based on the National …

Antibodies are engineerable quantities in medicine. Learning antibody molecular
recognition would enable the in silico design of high affinity binders against nearly any …

The adaptive immune system holds invaluable information on past and present immune
responses in the form of B and T cell receptor sequences, but we are limited in our ability to …

There is strong interest in accurate methods for predicting changes in protein stability
resulting from amino acid mutations to the protein sequence. Recombinant proteins must …