The most challenging aspect in petroleum industry is high produced water accompanying
crude oil extraction. In modern days, environmental attention has become very significant …

With the ever increasing demand for energy to meet the needs of growth in population and
improvement in the living standards in particular in developing countries, the abundant …

The principal objective of this review paper is to review the current state of understanding in
the formation, classification and stability of crude oil emulsification. In the oil and gas …

Unconventional petroleum ores have been considered to be an important part of petroleum
resources and an important alternative source of chemicals and energy supply. Extremely …

Emulsions of oil droplets in water but more typically water droplets in oil are common in the
production, transportation, and refining of petroleum and related products. Emulsions of …

We review the existing literature on asphaltenes at various types of interfaces: oil–water, air–
water, gas–oil and solid–liquid, with more emphasis on the oil–water interfaces. We address …

The formation of emulsions during oil production is a costly problem, both in terms of
chemicals used and production lost. This paper discusses production and operational …

Asphaltene structure is one of the most controversial topics in petroleum chemistry. The
controversy is centered on the organization of aromatic cores within asphaltene molecules …

In an earlier study, oil–water interfacial tension was measured by the pendant drop
technique for a range of oil-phase asphaltene concentrations and viscosities. The interfacial …

The asphaltene fraction of crude oil is commonly considered to be responsible for the
formation of highly undesirable, stable water-in-crude oil emulsions and rag layers. We …