Microbe–host communication is essential to maintain vital functions of a healthy host, and its
disruption has been associated with several diseases, including Crohn's disease and …

The gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of both forms of inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD), namely Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). While …

The aboveground parts of terrestrial plants, collectively called the phyllosphere, have a key
role in the global balance of atmospheric carbon dioxide and oxygen. The phyllosphere …

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown aetiology
affecting the colon and rectum. Multiple factors, such as genetic background, environmental …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing–remitting systemic disease of the
gastrointestinal tract, characterized by an inflammatory process that requires lifelong …

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic nonspecific disease with
unknown etiology. Currently, the anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches have achieved a …

Background & Aims Altered gut microbiota composition and function have been associated
with inflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC), but the causality and …

Background & Aims The cause of Crohn's disease (CD) is unknown, but the current
hypothesis is that microbial or environmental factors induce gut inflammation in genetically …

Studies in recent years have identified a pivotal role of the cytokine IL-23 in the
pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD: Crohn´ s disease, ulcerative colitis) and …

In modern medicine, the oral cavity has often been viewed as a passive conduit to the upper
airways and gastrointestinal tract; however, its connection to the rest of the body has been …