Lotka's seminal work (Lotka AJ, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 6 (1920) 410)" on certain
rhythmic relations" is already one hundred years old, but the research activity about pattern …

The dynamics and stability of ecological communities are intimately linked with the specific
interactions—like cooperation or predation—between constituent species. In microbial …

Considering feedback of collective actions of cooperation on common resources has vital
importance to reach sustainability. But such efforts may have not immediate consequence …

We study generalised rock–paper–scissors models with an arbitrary odd number N≥ 5 of
species, among which n are weak, with 2≤ n≤(N− 1)/2. Because of the species' weakness …

Organisms may respond to local stimuli that benefit or threaten their fitness. The adaptive
movement behaviour may allow individuals to adjust their speed to maximise the chances of …

When faced with an imminent risk of predation, many animals react to escape consumption.
Antipredator strategies are performed by individuals acting as a group to intimidate …

The spatial segregation of species is fundamental to ecosystem formation and stability.
Behavioural strategies may determine where species are located and how their interactions …

A balanced ecosystem with coexisting constituent species is often perturbed by different
natural events that persist only for a finite duration of time. What becomes important is …

Individual migration has been regarded as an important factor for the evolution of
cooperation in mobile populations. Motivations of migration, however, can be largely …

We investigate evolving dynamics of cyclically competing species on spatially extended
systems with considering a specific region, which is called the “wildlife refuge,” one of the …