Over the past few decades, accumulated evidence confirms that the global environment
conditions are changing rapidly. Urban industrialization, agriculture and globalization have …

The reduction in seawater pH from rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO 2) in the oceans has
been recognized as an important force shaping the future of marine ecosystems. Therefore …

Sperm quality assessment is the first step for evaluating male fertility and includes the
estimation of sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. Nevertheless, other parameters …

Recent concern about the consequences of continuing increases in atmospheric CO 2 as a
key heat-trapping agent (USGCRP, 2017; IPCC, 2021) have prompted ocean experts to …

Present in an increasing number of products, UV-filters are continuously discharged into
aquatic environments. Despite potential risks for inhabiting organisms are recognized, the …

Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels, like many other marine invertebrates, employ external
fertilization as a mating strategy, exposing their gametes to various contaminants upon …

Efficient and targeted sperm motility is essential for animal reproductive success. Sperm
from mammals and echinoderms utilize a highly conserved signaling mechanism in which …

Most stony corals liberate their gametes into the water column via broadcast spawning,
where fertilization hinges upon the activation of directional sperm motility. Sperm from …

In marine organisms, differing degree of sensitivity to ocean acidification (OA) is expected for
each life stage, and disturbance at one stage can carry over into the following stage or …

Sexual reproduction is a fundamental process essential for species persistence, evolution,
and diversity. However, unprecedented oceanographic shifts due to climate change can …