What are the relative costs and benefits of mounting immune responses? Practitioners of
ecoimmunology have grappled with this central question since the field's inception with the …

Abstract Changes in the risk of exposure to infectious disease agents can be tracked
through variations in antibody prevalence in vertebrate host populations. However …

Boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are listed as threatened across
Canada, and a basic understanding of their health status is lacking. From December 2012 to …

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne zoonotic orthonairovirus of
public health concern and widespread geographic distribution. Several animal species are …

Climate change is most strongly felt in the polar regions of the world, with significant impacts
on the species that live there. The arrival of parasites and pathogens from more temperate …

Background Muskoxen are a key species of Arctic ecosystems and are important for food
security and socio-economic well-being of many Indigenous communities in the Arctic and …

The spatial structure of host communities is expected to constrain pathogen spread.
However, predators and/or scavengers may connect distant host (sub) populations when …

Immune defenses vary widely across individuals and species. The field of evolutionary and
ecological immunology (also recognized as ecoimmunology) seeks to uncover both the …

Despite critical implications for disease dynamics and surveillance in wild long-lived
species, the immune response after exposure to potentially highly pathogenic bacterial …

Tick-borne flaviviruses and Borrelia spp. are globally spread pathogens of zoonotic potential
that are maintained by a transmission cycle at the interface between ticks and vertebrate …