Humans are adept at performing an extraordinary breadth of voluntary motor actions that
allow us to rapidly move around and interact with the environment. While voluntary motor …

Optimal feedback control (OFC) provides a powerful tool to interpret voluntary motor control,
highlighting the importance of sensory feedback in the control and planning of movement …

There has traditionally been a separation between voluntary control processes and the fast
feedback responses which follow mechanical perturbations (ie, stretch “reflexes”). However …

The nervous system counters mechanical perturbations applied to the arm with a
stereotypical sequence of muscle activity, starting with the short-latency stretch reflex and …

Accurate control of body posture is enforced by a multitude of corrective actions operating
over a range of time scales. The earliest correction is the short-latency reflex (SLR) which …

Many of us know about stretch reflexes from the doctor's office, when a physician taps the
tendon near our kneecap to elicit a quick knee extension. This procedure is used as a …

Learning a new motor task modifies feedforward (ie, voluntary) motor commands and such
learning also changes the sensitivity of feedback responses (ie, reflexes) to mechanical …

Although rigidity is a cardinal motor sign in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), the
instrumental measurement of this clinical phenomenon is largely lacking, and its …

In both the upper and lower limbs, evidence suggests that short-latency electromyographic
(EMG) responses to mechanical perturbations are modulated based on muscle stretch or …

Successful performance in many everyday tasks requires compensating unexpected
mechanical disturbance to our limbs and body. The long-latency reflex plays an important …