In tropical to temperate environments, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), such as enterococci and
Escherichia coli, can persist and potentially multiply, far removed from their natural reservoir …

Escherichia coli is naturally present in the intestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals. Since
E. coli is released into the environment through deposition of fecal material, this bacterium is …

Developing an understanding of how groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) systems
function and interact to impact water quantity, water quality, and ecosystem health provides …

Fecal microorganisms can enter water bodies in diverse ways, including runoff, sewage
discharge, and direct fecal deposition. Once in water, the microorganisms experience …

Innovative research relating oceans and human health is advancing our understanding of
disease-causing organisms in coastal ecosystems. Novel techniques are elucidating the …

Beach sand is a habitat that supports many microbes, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and
protozoa (micropsammon). The apparently inhospitable conditions of beach sand …

Swimming in ocean water, including ocean water at beaches not impacted by known point
sources of pollution, is an increasing health concern. This study was an initial evaluation of …

Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) are used to assess fecal pollution levels in surface water and
are among the criteria used by regulatory agencies to determine water body impairment …

Escherichia coli are widely used as indicators of fecal contamination, and in some cases to
identify host sources of fecal contamination in surface water. Prevalence, genetic diversity …

Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), commonly used to regulate sanitary water quality, cannot
discriminate among sources of contamination. The use of alternative quantitative PCR …