Two experiments used fifth-grade students to test the hypothesis that conjointly presented
verbal/spatial information facilitates retrieval from either stimulus format. In Experiment 1 …

Abstract Knowledge of space is critical to attitudes toward, decision making about, and
behavior within places. A person's environmental knowledge depends upon how knowledge …

This paper draws on research from geography and psychology to explain how people learn
and remember both reference and thematic maps. The review describes how prior …

One goal of cartographic research is to improve the usefulness of maps. To do so, we must
consider the process of spatial knowledge acquisition, the role of maps in that process, and …

Although Web-based instruction provides learners with sufficient resources for self-paced
learning, previous studies have confirmed that browsing navigation-oriented Web sites …

This article investigates the cognitive processes used by learners (adults and young
adolescents) for tasks that require the integration of geographical information across spaces …

This paper analyses the codification of a geographical map by different groups of subjects
induced to study the map in different ways through diverse instructions. These instructions …

A model is presented that accounts for statistical map reading according to four cognitive
subtasks:(1) map orientation,(2) legend comprehension,(3) map surface/legend integration …

In some ways, maps are processed like any other visuospatial entity. However, because
maps usually have a utilitarian function that results in comparison to an actual environment …

Two experiments tested the hypothesis that the cognitive representation of spatial relations
on a map is primarily a visually keyed process. In Experiment 1, undergraduates studied a …