Insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are used in sprayable
formulations or produced in transgenic crops as the most successful alternatives to synthetic …

Transgenic crops have revolutionized insect pest control, but their effectiveness has been
reduced by evolution of resistance in pests. We analyzed global monitoring data reported …

Evolution of resistance in pests can reduce the effectiveness of insecticidal proteins from
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produced by transgenic crops. We analyzed results of 77 studies …

Abstract Background Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea are major caterpillar pests
of Old and New World agriculture, respectively. Both, particularly H. armigera, are extremely …

The Cry1F protein from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner expressed in event TC1507 maize
(Zea mays L.) was one of the most effective ways to control Spodoptera frugiperda (JE …

The primary strategy for delaying the evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crops that
produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) entails refuges of plants that do …

The vegetative insecticidal protein Vip3Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been
produced by transgenic crops to counter pest resistance to the widely used crystalline (Cry) …

Transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have
revolutionized control of some major pests. However, more than 25 cases of field-evolved …

It is increasingly clear that pest species vary widely in their propensities to develop
insecticide resistance. This review uses a comparative approach to analyze the key pest …

Entomopathogenic bacteria produce insecticidal proteins that accumulate in inclusion
bodies or parasporal crystals (such as the Cry and Cyt proteins) as well as insecticidal …