A defining property of retroviruses is their ability to assemble into particles that can leave
producer cells and spread infection to susceptible cells and hosts. Virion morphogenesis …

Retroviruses make a long and complex journey from outside the cell to the nucleus in the
early stages of infection, and then an equally long journey back out again in the late stages …

During the late phase of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) replication, newly synthesized retroviral Gag
proteins are targeted to the plasma membrane of most hematopoietic cell types, where they …

Exosomes are secreted organelles that have the same topology as the cell and bud outward
(outward is defined as away from the cytoplasm) from endosome membranes or endosome …

Recently proposed models that have gained wide acceptance posit that HIV-1 virion
morphogenesis is initiated by targeting the major structural protein (Gag) to late endosomal …

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1 viral protein U (Vpu) protein enhances the
release of diverse retroviruses from human, but not monkey, cells and is thought to do so by …

The assembly of infectious human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) requires that Gag transport
and oligomerization be coordinated with its association with other viral proteins, viral RNAs …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped DNA virus that presumably buds at intracellular
membranes of infected cells. HBV budding involves two endocytic host proteins, the …

Novel therapies are urgently needed against hepatitis C virus infection (HCV), a major
global health problem. The current model of infectious virus production suggests that HCV …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of CD4+ T cells leads to the
production of new virions that assemble at the plasma membrane. Gag and Env accumulate …