This paper aims to review the state of the art of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)
sensors for automotive applications, and particularly for automated vehicles, focusing on …

Technologies for efficient generation and fast scanning of narrow free-space laser beams
find major applications in three-dimensional (3D) imaging and mapping, like Lidar for …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) imaging sensors allow machines to perceive, map and
interact with the surrounding world. The size of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) devices …

Light detection and ranging is widely used in science and industry. Over the past decade,
optical frequency combs were shown to offer advantages in optical ranging, enabling fast …

Shaping the flow of light at the nanoscale has been a grand challenge for nanophotonics
over decades. It is now widely recognized that metasurfaces represent a chip-scale …

Optical phased arrays are a promising beam-steering technology for ultra-small solid-state
lidar and free-space communication systems. Long-range, high-performance arrays require …

Many applications, including laser (LIDAR) mapping, free-space optical communications,
and spatially resolved optical sensors, demand compact, robust solutions to steering an …

Optical phased arrays (OPAs), the optical counterpart of phased arrays at radio frequencies,
can electronically steer an optical beam without any moving parts. To achieve a 180° field of …

Electromagnetic phased arrays at radio frequencies are well known and have enabled
applications ranging from communications to radar, broadcasting and astronomy. The ability …

Metasurfaces, planer artificial materials composed of subwavelength unit cells, have shown
superior abilities to manipulate the wavefronts of electromagnetic waves. In the last few …