Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has dramatically altered clinical outcomes for cancer
patients and conferred durable clinical benefits, including cure in a subset of patients …

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, reflecting
profound disease heterogeneity, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Over the last …

Antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 rescue T
cells from exhausted status and revive immune response against cancer cells. Based on the …

Tumour heterogeneity and a long-standing paucity of effective therapies other than
chemotherapy have contributed to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being the subtype …

Antagonistic antibodies targeting the inhibitory immune-checkpoint receptor PD-1 or its
ligand PD-L1 are used to treat a wide range of cancer types and can substantially improve …

Tumours display an astonishing variation in the spatial distribution, composition and
activation state of immune cells, which impacts their progression and response to …

Chemotherapy combined with or without targeted therapy is the fundamental treatment for
metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Due to the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs …

The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)/B7 and programmed death 1
(PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are two most representative immune …

Abstract Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on cancer cells engages with programmed
cell death-1 (PD-1) on immune cells, contributing to cancer immune escape. For multiple …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a collection of biologically diverse cancers
characterized by distinct transcriptional patterns, biology, and immune composition. TNBCs …