Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators have a wide range of key roles throughout the
nervous system. However, their dynamics in both health and disease have been challenging …

A growing body of research suggests that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), metabolites
produced by intestinal symbiotic bacteria that ferment dietary fibers (DFs), play a crucial role …

Dopamine (DA) is a central monoamine neurotransmitter involved in many physiological
and pathological processes. A longstanding yet largely unmet goal is to measure DA …

The dopaminergic system plays important roles in neuromodulation, such as motor control,
motivation, reward, cognitive function, maternal, and reproductive behaviors. Dopamine is a …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays an important role in normal development and
homeostasis. Dysregulation of TGF-β responsiveness and its downstream signaling …

The chemokine receptors CXCR1/2 and their ligand CXCL8 are essential for the activation
and trafficking of inflammatory mediators as well as tumor progression and metastasis. The …

The physiological stress response is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the
presence of real or perceived challenges. In this function, the brain activates adaptive …

G protein-coupled dopamine receptors (D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) mediate all of the
physiological functions of the catecholaminergic neurotransmitter dopamine, ranging from …

A long-held tenet of molecular pharmacology is that canonical signal transduction mediated
by G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) coupling to heterotrimeric G proteins is confined to …

Summary Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs), DHA and EPA, exert anti-inflammatory effects, but
the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that the G protein-coupled receptor …