Charles Darwin appreciated the conceptual difficulty in accepting that an organ as wonderful
as the vertebrate eye could have evolved through natural selection. He reasoned that if …

One of the fundamental quests of biology is learning what organisms inhabit the earth. To
date approximately 2 million species have been described, with realistic estimates of actual …

The therapeutic efficacy of wound infections caused by bacteria is challenged by limited
wound repairs and a high risk of inflammation. Microneedles have been generated for …

Dating the tree of life is a core endeavor in evolutionary biology. Rates of evolution are
fundamental to nearly every evolutionary model and process. Rates need dates. There is …

Lampreys, one of two living lineages of jawless vertebrates, are always intriguing for their
feeding behavior via the toothed suctorial disc and life cycle comprising the ammocoete …

Ammocoetes—the filter-feeding larvae of modern lampreys—have long influenced
hypotheses of vertebrate ancestry 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. The life history of modern lampreys …

Hagfish and lampreys are the only living representatives of the jawless vertebrates
(agnathans), and compared with jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), they provide insight into …

Fishes include more than half of all living animals with backbones, but large‐scale
palaeobiological patterns in this assemblage have not received the same attention as those …

Hagfish depart so much from other fishes anatomically that they were sometimes considered
not fully vertebrate. They may represent:(i) an anatomically primitive outgroup of vertebrates …

The vertebrate neural crest migrates from its origin, the neural plate border, to form diverse
derivatives. We previously hypothesized that a neural crest gene regulatory network (NC …