Key message Adaptation of forest management to climate change requires an
understanding of the effects of climate on forests, industries and communities; prediction of …

Each tree ring contains an image of the time when the ring formed, projected onto the ring's
size, structure, and composition. Tree rings thus are natural archives of past environments …

Dendrochronology generally operates under the assumption that climate–growth
relationships are age independent, once growth trends and/or disturbance pulses have …

Tree rings are widely used long‐term proxy data which, if combined with long‐term
instrumental climate records, can provide excellent information on global climate variability …

The relationships between forest dynamics and climate are predictable for high-altitude
forest ecosystems in western North America and other mountainous regions. The duration of …

A potential limitation of tree-ring based climate reconstructions is related to climate signal
age effects (CSAE). CSAE may arise if the climatic response of young tree-rings differs from …

We studied regional variation in growth-limiting factors and responses to climatic variability
in subalpine forests by analyzing growth patterns for 28 tree-ring growth chronologies from …

Individual trees, not forests, respond to climate. Such an individual‐scale approach has
seldom been used to retrospectively track the radial growth responses of trees to climate in …

The growth response of trees to changing climate is frequently discussed as increasing
temperatures and more severe droughts become major risks for forest ecosystems …

Dendroecological and numerical methods were used to study the influence of topographic
position on radial growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands exposed to soil dryness. The …