Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made an indelible mark in the field of cancer
immunotherapy. Starting with the approval of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein …

The T lymphocyte, especially its capacity for antigen-directed cytotoxicity, has become a
central focus for engaging the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic science …

Inhibitors of the PD-1–PD-L1 axis have been approved as therapy for many human cancers.
In spite of the evidence for their widespread clinical activity, little is known about the …

Abstract Exhausted CD8+ T (Tex) cells in chronic infections and cancer have limited effector
function, high co-expression of inhibitory receptors and extensive transcriptional changes …

Although T lymphocytes have long been appreciated for their role in the immunosurveillance
of cancer, it has been the realization that cancer cells may ultimately escape a response …

Abstract Adjuvant ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1) both improve relapse-
free survival of stage III melanoma patients,. In stage IV disease, the combination of …

Anti–PD-1–based immunotherapy has had a major impact on cancer treatment but has only
benefited a subset of patients. Among the variables that could contribute to interpatient …

The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway has received considerable attention
due to its role in eliciting the immune checkpoint response of T cells, resulting in tumor cells …

PURPOSE Nivolumab was assessed in patients with virus-associated tumors in the phase
I/II CheckMate 358 trial (ClinicalTrials. gov identifier: NCT02488759). We report on patients …

Background Resistance to an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is a major obstacle in cancer
immunotherapy. The causes of ICI resistance include major histocompatibility complex …