The innate immune system has evolved endosomal and cytoplasmic receptors for the
detection of viral nucleic acids as sensors for virus infection. Some of these pattern …

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that can be initiated by excessive
activation of endosomal toll‐like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 …

The endosomal Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is a major driver of murine and human systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE). The role of TLR7 in lupus pathogenesis is enhanced when the …

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a regulator of disease pathogenesis in systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE). Why TLR9 represses disease while TLR7 and MyD88 have the …

Progranulin (PGRN), a secretory glycoprotein consisting of 593 amino acid residues, is a
key actor and regulator of multiple system functions such as innate immune response and …

Invasion of pathogenic microorganisms or tissue damage activates innate immune signaling
receptors that sample subcellular locations for foreign molecular structures, altered host …

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are essential components of the innate immune system. Several
accessory proteins, such as UNC93B1, are required for transport and activation of nucleic …

Macrophages participate in immunity, tissue repair and tissue homeostasis. Activation of Toll-
like receptors (TLRs) by conserved exogenous or endogenous structures initiates signaling …

Distinct families of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors can sense both microbial
and endogenous nucleic acids. These DNA and RNA sensors include endosomal TLRs and …

DNA virus infections are often lifelong and can cause serious diseases in their hosts. Their
recognition by the sensors of the innate immune system represents the front line of host …