Frogeye leaf spot (FLS), caused by Cercospora sojina, is an economically important disease
of soybean in many parts of the world where soybean is grown, including the United States …

Apple cultivation is one of the main pome rosacea crops in the world with a very large
annual production. However, postharvest diseases cause significant losses in apple …

Black spot disease or Alternaria black spot (ABS) of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) in South
Africa is caused by Alternaria alternata. This fungal pathogen impedes the development of …

Cercospora leaf spot disease is a serious problem for lettuce cultivation worldwide.
Cercospora lactucae-sativa, the causative agent of leaf spot disease on lettuce, was treated …

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements which encode toxin proteins that
interfere with vital cellular functions. PepA1 and PepG1 toxin proteins, known also as SprA1 …

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by the fungus, Cercospora beticola, is a major
constraint to table beet production in New York (NY). The disease causes defoliation …

Penicillium expansum causes blue mold, a major post-harvest disease affecting apples. This
disease is commonly managed using fungicides, including Difenoconazole (Dif), a …

Cucumber Corynespora leaf spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola is the primary disease
responsible for reducing cucumber yield, and prochloraz is the main fungicide used to …

Cercospora leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola, is the most destructive
foliar disease of sugarbeet worldwide. Resistance to the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) …

Phytopathogenic fungi are living organisms that cause plant diseases and great damage to
agricultural products. Despite the wide range of commercial fungicide products in use, there …