IL-6 remains a key molecule of the cytokine storms characterizing COVID-19, exerting both
proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Emerging research underscores the …

An overly exuberant immune response, characterized by a cytokine storm and uncontrolled
inflammation, has been identified as a significant driver of severe coronavirus disease 2019 …

The challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted an increasing clinical demand
for safe and effective treatment options against an overzealous immune defence response …

The relation between use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and severity of
COVID-19 has been the subject to debate since the outbreak of the pandemic. Despite …

Ibuprofen is an essential nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which is still
inaccessible to more than 100 million patients worldwide. Although three elegant continuous …

Long COVID (LC), also referred to as Post COVID-19 Condition, Post-Acute Sequelae of
SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), and other terms, represents a complex multisystem disease …

The inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the early phase of acute respiratory tract
infections (ARTIs); a correct diagnosis of the cause and a prompt therapeutic approach with …

Background/Aim: Pharmacotherapy is vital in medicine, but inappropriate and inadequate
use of medications significantly impacts global mortality and morbidity. Increased …

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to neurological symptoms
such as headaches, confusion, seizures, hearing loss, and loss of smell. The link between …

Aims This study evaluated the 10‐year consumption and economic patterns of classical
analgesics, adjuvants and opioids in Portugal (2012‐2022), and conducted a comparative …