More and more in-depth studies have revealed that the occurrence and development of
tumors depend on gene mutation and tumor heterogeneity. The most important …

Cancer cells support their growth and proliferation by reprogramming their metabolism in
order to gain access to nutrients. Despite the heterogeneity in genetic mutations that lead to …

Melanoma is one of the most common cutaneous cancers worldwide. Activating mutations in
RAS oncogenes are found in a third of all human cancers and NRAS mutations are found in …

The use of biomarkers in medicine has become essential in clinical practice in order to help
with diagnosis, prognostication and prediction of treatment response. Since Alexander …

Melanoma is a cutaneous neoplastic growth of melanocytes with great potential to invade
and metastasize, especially when not treated early and effectively. Epithelial-mesenchymal …

The recent years have seen a significant shift in the expectations for the therapeutic
management of disseminated melanoma. The clinical success of BRAF targeted therapy …

The cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, also known as the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, is an
essential cellular pathway that is involved in diverse cell functions. The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3 …

Glioma is the most frequent and aggressive type of brain neoplasm, being anaplastic
astrocytoma (AA) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), its most malignant forms. The survival …

Metastatic melanoma has historically been considered as one of the most therapeutically
challenging malignancies. However, for the first time after decades of basic research and …

The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib is, at present, the only drug approved for the treatment of
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most lethal types of cancer worldwide. However …