Osteocytes are an ancient cell, appearing in fossilized skeletal remains of early fish and
dinosaurs. Despite its relative high abundance, even in the context of nonskeletal cells, the …

Osteocytes, the most abundant and long-lived cells in bone, are the master regulators of
bone remodeling. In addition to their functions in endocrine regulation and calcium and …

Few investigators think of bone as an endocrine gland, even after the discovery that
osteocytes produce circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 that targets the kidney and …

Cells are covered by a surface layer of glycans that is referred to as the 'glycocalyx'. In this
review, we focus on the role of the glycocalyx in vascular diseases (atherosclerosis, stroke …

The development of responsive biomaterials capable of demonstrating modulated function
in response to dynamic physiological and mechanical changes in vivo remains an important …

The last decade has provided a virtual explosion of data on the molecular biology and
function of osteocytes. Far from being the “passive placeholder in bone,” this cell has been …

In 1892, JL Wolff proposed that bone could respond to mechanical and biophysical stimuli
as a dynamic organ. This theory presents a unique opportunity for investigations on bone …

Muscle and bone are closely associated in both anatomy and function, but the mechanisms
that coordinate their synergistic action remain poorly defined. Myostatin, a myokine secreted …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within their native environment of the stem cell niche in
bone receive biochemical stimuli from surrounding cells. These stimuli likely in fluence how …

Lack of physical activity causes bone loss and fractures not only in elderly people, but also
in bedridden patients or otherwise inactive youth. This is fast becoming one of the most …