Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington, and amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis, are a prominent class of neurological diseases currently without a cure …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a terminal late-onset condition characterized by the
loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Mutations in more than 30 genes are associated to …

Stroke is a major cause of death and adult disability. However, therapeutic options remain
limited. Numerous pathways underlie acute responses of brain tissue to stroke. Early events …

GTP cyclohydrolase 1, encoded by the GCH1 gene, is an essential enzyme for dopamine
production in nigrostriatal cells. Loss-of-function mutations in GCH1 result in severe …

D1 and D2 dopamine receptors (D1DRs and D2DRs) may contribute differently to various
aspects of memory and cognition. The D1DR system has been linked to functions supported …

Anti-VEGF therapy prolongs recurrence-free survival in patients with glioblastoma but does
not improve overall survival. To address this discrepancy, we investigated immunologic …

Background Uncontrolled seizures in patients with gliomas have a significant impact on
quality of life and morbidity, yet the mechanisms through which these tumors cause seizures …

Background Bipolar disorder phenomenologically is a biphasic disorder of energy
availability; increased in mania and decreased in depression. In consort, there is …

Many patients with systemic immune-inflammatory and neuro-inflammatory disorders,
including depression, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's disease …

Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and NPY receptors are widely expressed in the mammalian
central nervous system. Studies in both humans and rodent models revealed that brain NPY …