Reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, are generated
as byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria or via cell signaling-induced …

Aging constitutes the key risk factor for age‐related diseases such as cancer and
cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Human longevity and healthy aging are …

Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired
function and increased vulnerability to death. This deterioration is the primary risk factor for …

An appropriate balance between self-renewal and differentiation is crucial for stem cell
function during both early development and tissue homeostasis throughout life. Recent …

Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle,
apoptosis and metabolism. In model organisms, FOXO activity also affects stem cell …

Diabetes is associated with β cell failure. But it remains unclear whether the latter results
from reduced β cell number or function. FoxO1 integrates β cell proliferation with adaptive β …

Immune system defects are at the center of aging and a range of diseases. Here, we show
that prolonged fasting reduces circulating IGF-1 levels and PKA activity in various cell …

The existence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is a major reason underlying cancer
metastasis and recurrence after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Targeting BCSCs may …

Stem cells are defined by the ability to self-renew and to generate differentiated progeny,
qualities that are maintained by evolutionarily conserved pathways that can lead to cancer …

Summary Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2 are the core regulators of mouse (m) ESC pluripotency.
Although their basic importance in human (h) ESCs has been demonstrated, the …