Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection interfere and impact
the pathogenesis phenomena of each other. Owing to atypical clinical presentations and …

Dysregulation of the immune system drives HIV pathogenesis. As we develop new ways to
treat HIV and AIDS, we encounter new clinical ramifications of our treatment on regulatory …

Background With increased access to antiretroviral treatment (ART), immune reconstitution
inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)–infected populations …

Preventive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccination may require induction of virus-
specific immune responses at mucosal sites to contain viral infection locally after exposure …

The lethal combination involving TB and HIV, known as “syndemic” diseases, synergistically
act upon one another to magnify the disease burden. Individuals on anti-retroviral therapy …

Abstract Background & Aims Classical Whipple's disease (CWD) affects the gastrointestinal
tract and causes chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, and barrier dysfunction with microbial …

OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency, risk factors, and clinical features of bacillus
Calmette-Guérin (BCG) complications in HIV-infected children treated with highly active …

Background Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an important
complication of HAART in sub-Saharan Africa, where opportunistic infections (OIs) including …

HIV-specific T-lymphocyte responses that underlie IRIS are incomplete and largely remain
hypothetical. Of the several mechanisms presented by the host to control host …

Although the precise mechanism of immune reconstitution disease is not well understood, it
is probably related to rapid restoration of pathogen-specific immune responses and poor …