Individuals living with HIV who are optimally treated with combination antiretroviral therapy
(cART) can now lead an extended life. In spite of this remarkable survival benefit from viral …

Viral encephalitis is still very prominent around the world, and traditional antiviral therapies
still have shortcomings. Some patients cannot get effective relief or suffer from serious …

The nature of microglia fascinated many prominent researchers in the 19th and early 20th
centuries, and in a classic treatise in 1932, Pio del Rio-Hortega formulated a number of …

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the leading infectious cause of mental
retardation and hearing loss in the developed world. In recent years, there has been an …

Microglia cells are resident central nervous system (CNS) leukocytes that regulate innate
immunity and participate in adaptive immune responses in CNS tissue. However, microglia …

Besides its well-described impact in immunosuppressed patients, the role of human
cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in the pathogenesis of cancer has been more recently …

Activated glial cells have been implicated in the neuropathogenesis of many infectious and
inflammatory diseases of the brain. A number of inflammatory mediators have been …

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a highly prevalent herpesvirus that can cause severe
disease in immunocompromised individuals and immunologically immature fetuses and …

Chemokines are small secreted proteins that are essential for the recruitment and activation
of specific leukocyte subsets at sites of inflammation and for the development and …

Epidemiological studies suggest that prenatal exposure to different types of viral or bacterial
infections may be associated with similar outcomes; ie, an increased risk of mental illness …