Biofilms are surface-attached groups of microbial cells encased in an extracellular matrix
that are significantly less susceptible to antimicrobial agents than non-adherent, planktonic …

Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory bone disease that is caused by an infecting microorganism
and leads to progressive bone destruction and loss. The most common causative species …

Green-synthesized nanobiomaterials can be engineered as smart nanomedicine platforms
for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in medicine. Herein, we investigated the …

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections
and represents a significant burden on the healthcare system. S. aureus attachment to …

Background is provided on biofilms, including their formation, tolerance mechanisms,
structure, and morphology within the context of chronic wounds. The features of biofilms in …

Bacterial cells may escape the effects of antibiotics without undergoing genetic change;
these cells are known as persisters. Unlike resistant cells that grow in the presence of …

Our knowledge regarding the nature and development of microbial biofilms has grown
significantly since the first report of these communities by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in the …

Small colony variants (SCVs) were first described more than 100 years ago for
Staphylococcus aureus and various coagulase-negative staphylococci. Two decades ago …

Chronic implant-related bone infections are a major problem in orthopedic and trauma-
related surgery with severe consequences for the affected patients. As antibiotic resistance …

Antibiotics were once the golden bullet to constrain infectious bacteria. However, the rapid
and continuing emergence of antibiotic resistance (AR) among infectious microbial …