Photosensitivity is one of the most common cutaneous adverse drug reactions. There are
two types of drug-induced photosensitivity: photoallergy and phototoxicity. Currently, the …

Skin exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation and pollutants causes several skin disorders,
calling for protection methods such as sunscreen application. However, common sunscreen …

The Montreal Protocol has limited increases in the UV-B (280–315 nm) radiation reaching
the Earth's surface as a result of depletion of stratospheric ozone. Nevertheless, the …

Drug‐induced photosensitivity occurs when a drug is capable of absorbing radiation from
the sun (usually ultraviolet A) leading to chemical reactions that cause cellular damage …

Methyl paraben (MP), is a widely used preservative in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic
products. Its molecular mechanism under ambient ultraviolet radiation is not well …

Drug-induced photosensitivity reactions are significant adverse effects. Ketoprofen is one of
the most common drugs that can cause skin rash in sun-exposed areas. Non-steroidal anti …

Anti-inflammatory drugs are reported to induce changes in nucleic-acids upon UV-
irradiation. Such changes have the potential to cause apoptosis, carcinogenesis, and …

Sunscreen users have been increased, since excessive sun exposure increased the risk of
skin diseases. Benzophenone (BP) and its derivatives are commonly used in sunscreens as …

Rose Bengal (RB) is an anionic water-soluble xanthene dye, which used for many years to
assess eye cornea and conjunctiva damage. RB showed strong absorption maxima (λ max) …

Abstract Singlet oxygen (1 O 2) is the focus of study in many fields, including phototoxicity,
antioxidant activity, pollutant weathering, photodynamic therapy, and water disinfection. The …