Background This position statement provides clinical recommendations for the assessment
of pain, level of sedation, iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome and delirium in critically ill infants …

In 2010, under the guidance of the DGAI (German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive
Care Medicine) and DIVI (German Interdisciplinary Association for Intensive Care and …

The burden of pain in newborn infants has been investigated in numerous studies, but little
is known about the appropriateness of the use of pain scales according to the specific type …

Background Administration of oral sucrose with and without non‐nutritive sucking is the most
frequently studied non‐pharmacological intervention for procedural pain relief in neonates …

The knowledge of pain in neonates has increased dramatically in the past 3 decades. It has
been well established that newborns can detect, process, and respond to painful stimuli. 1 …

Infants born preterm are at a high risk for repeated pain exposure in early life. Despite valid
tools to assess pain in non-verbal infants and effective interventions to reduce pain …

More than 15 million premature infants are born worldwide each year. 1 These infants, along
with term neonates who are born ill, compromised either by congenital abnormalities or by …

Importance Because children in a preverbal stage of development are unable to voice their
feelings, they completely depend on their caregiving team for the interpretation and …

Objective: To study whether new pharmacological and nonpharmacological guidelines
lowered numbers of painful procedures in neonates and changed the amount and frequency …

Background Neonates are frequently subjected to painful procedures, with the most
immature infants receiving the highest number of painful events. 3,–5 Despite …